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Arco-（意大利） be played with the bow rather than plucked with the finger Arch-a term applied to describe a melodic line that first rises before falling to a cadence Architectural acoustics-a term used to describe how the flow of sound is influenced by a building's structure; the study and design of acoustically balanced halls Archlute-a large lute popular both in Italy and England during the Renaissance with an elongated neck, fitted with two peg boxes, one to accommodate unstopped strings necessary to produce bass notes, the other to take the remainder of the 13 or 14 single or double courses of strings Arco-（意大利） play a stringed instrument with a bow as opposed to plucked or pizzicato; the bow of a stringed instrument Ardemment-（法） ardently Ardente-（意大利） ardent, with fire, vehemently Arditamente -（意大利） boldly Ardito-（意大利） bold Ardore-（意大利） with warmth Areato-（意大利） played with the bow Argomento-（意大利） argument Aria-music written for a solo voice with accompaniment, forming part of a larger work Arietta-（意大利） a short simple aria Arin arin-ancient circle dance from Bilbao, in Spain's Basque Country Armonia-（意大利） harmony Armonica-（意大利） harmony Armonici （意大利） Play using-Harmonics Armonici loco （意大利） read the notes as written using-Harmonics Armoniosamente-（意大利） harmoniously Armonioso-（意大利） harmonious Arpa-（意大利） harp Arpege-（法） （意大利） a spread chord played from the top down or from the bottom up Arpeggi-（意大利） （意大利） a spread chords played from the top down or from the bottom up Arpeggio-（意大利） （意大利） a spread chord played from the top down or from the bottom up Arpeggiando-arpeggiate successive chords Arpeggiate-（意大利） （意大利） a spread chord played from the top down or from the bottom up Arpeggiato-（意大利） to arpeggiate successive chords Arpeggiare-arpeggiate successive chords Arpeggio （意大利） played in a "harp-like manner". A spread chord played from the bottom up or from the top down (with a downward pointing arrow). arr.-abbreviated form of arranged Arrache-（法） strong pizzicato, strongly plucked Arrange-to set a work originally written for one instrument (or set of instruments) for another instrument or set of instruments Arrangement-a work that has been arranged Arrolo-a Spanish lullaby Arrorro-a Spanish lullaby Articolato-（意大利） well articulated Articolazione -（意大利） articulation Articule-（法） well articulated Artikuliert-（德） well articulated Artig-（德） well behaved, agreeable Articulate-slight separations made between notes Articulation-staccato, legato, tenuto,….. Artificial harmonics-high notes produced on a stringed instrument where the strings is stopped lightly halfway along its sounding length Art song-designed to stand alone and written for the concert hall, rather than a traditional or folk song Ascending-a term applied in music to describe a rising melodic line, that is one rising in pitch Asian Striped Ebony-A alternative wood for the back and sides of a classical guitar. Asian Striped Padauk-An alternative wood for the back and sides of a classical guitar. Aspiratamente-（意大利） aspiring Aspra-（意大利） rough, harsh Aspro-（意大利） rough, harsh Assai-（意大利） very, extremely Assai piu-（意大利） much more Assez-（法） enough, fairly Assieme-（意大利） together A suo benplacimento-（意大利） as you please, at will, ad lib A suo beneplacito-（意大利） as you please, at will, ad lib Asymmetrical meter-usually, time signatures with 5 or 7 as the top number Asymmetrical time signature-usually, time signatures with 5 or 7 as the top number A tempause-（德） a small pause on a weak beat used to strengthen the following strong beat A tempo-（意大利） the original speed; a direction to return to the original speed after a deliberate change of tempo Atonal-music that avoids a key centre but is not constructed on serial principles Atonality-music that avoids a key centre but is not constructed on serial principles Ator-ator- Christmas songs in the Spanish Basque Country Attacca-（意大利） at once, attack, immediately; used at the end of a section, the term means go on immediately to the next section without a pause Attacco-short motif used in imitation or as a fugal subject Attack-the beginning or manner of beginning a piece, a passage, or a musical note Attaque-（法） attack Au-（法） to the, at the Aubade-early morning music, music for dawn Auch-（德） also, but Audace-（法） audacity Audace-（意大利） audacious Au dessous-（法） beneath, less than Audible range-the range of frequencies that the human ear can hear Audition-the try-out that a musician must go through before he or she is accepted into an ensemble; also the try-outs for a solo role or performance Auf-（德） on Auffuhren-（德） to perform Auffuhrung-（德） performance Auffuhrungsrecht-（德） performing right Aufgeregt-（德） excited Aufgeweckt-（德） lively Aufhalten-（德） to retard Auflage-（德） edition Auflosen-（德） to resolve a discord, to reset the tuning of a string that has been tuned sharp, to loosen, to release Auflosung-（德） natural sign Auflosungszeichen-（德） natural sign Aufschlag-（德） up-beat Aufschnitt-（德） an omitted portion, a cut Aufschwung-（德） uplifted Aufstrich-（德） up-stroke Auftakt-（德） up-beat Aufzug-（德） act of an opera of play Augmentation-the lengthening of note values when recapitulating a fugal theme adding to it's dignity and weight; to increase a perfect or major interval by one half-step; to add to the standard forces in an orchestra, choir or band Augmented-the lengthening of note values when recapitulating a fugal theme adding to it's dignity and weight; to increase a perfect or major interval by one half-step; to add to the standard forces in an orchestra, choir or band Augmented chord-a chord that has an augmented interval between its highest and lowest notes Augmented sixth chord-a chord which contains an augmented sixth above the bass, in addition to various other tones Aurresku-Basque folk dance Aus-（德） out of, from Ausdruck-（德） expression Ausdrucksvoll-（德） expressively Ausfullgeiger-（德） a ripieno violinist who fills out the tone of the string line Ausgabe-（德） edition Ausgehalten-（德） sustained, held on Aushalten-（德） to sustain, to hold on Ausschlagen-（德） to beat time Ausser-（德） in addition to, out of, outer??usserst-（德） extremely Aussi-（法） also, as, therefore Auszug-（德） extract, arrangement Authenticity-a term originally used to describe an approach to the performance and understanding of music that relied on evidence from the past, especially that contemporaneous to the work's creation or to its earliest performance, about how it might have originally sounded and particularly in the matter of style Authentic Cadence-A chord progression where the dominant chord is followed by the tonic chord- In the tonality of C major, an authentic cadence would be the dominant G major chord (G B D) moving to the tonic C major chord (C E G). In a perfect authentic cadence, the dominant chord in root position is followed by the tonic in root position, and according to some, the cadence is not perfect unless the uppermost voice is the tonic in the final chord. Authentic mode-a melody is written in an authentic mode when all, or almost all the notes lie above the final Autoharp-a type of zither played with fingers or a plectrum, with keys to produce chords Autre-（法） other Autres-（法） others Auxiliary Note-a variety of passing note that returns back to the note immediately before it Avant-（法） before Avante-（意大利） forward Avant-garde-（法） an intelligentsia that develops new or experimental concepts especially in the arts Avanti-（意大利） preceding Avaz-Iranian modal system, made up of twelve modes, divided into seven principal modes and five secondary modes Avec-（法） with Ave Maria-a prayer, in Latin, to The Virgin Mary; used in Roman Catholic liturgy; set to music by a number of composers Awalim-female Egyptian performers who danced, sung, played musical instruments and recited poetry Ayre-tune, tuneful song, art song accompanied by the lute or viola da gamba Azione-（意大利） action, drama 其它相关链接：　Ac-Ak　Ak-Am　An-Ar　Ar-Az　B-Ban　Ba-Be　Be-Bl　Bl-Br　Br-Bu　C-Ch　Ch-Ci　Cl-Co　Co-Cy　D-De　De-Do　Do-Dy　E-En　En-Es　F-Fi　Fi-Fr　Fr-Fu　G-Ge　Ge-Gr　Gr-Gy　Ha-He　He-Hy　Ia-Iw　Ja-Ju　Ka-Kw　La　Le　Li-Ly　Ma　Me-Mi　Mo-My　Na-Ne　Ng-Nz　Ob-Ov　Pe-Pl　Po　Pr-Pu　Qi-Qu　Ra　Re　Rh-Ri　Ro-Ry　Sa-Sc　Sc-Se　Se-Sh　Si-Sn　So　Sp-St　St-Sy　Ta　Te-Th　Ti-To　Tw-Tz　Ua-Ut　Va-Ve　Vi　Vo-Vu　Wa-Wu　Xa-Zy

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